Essential Equipment for Making the Perfect Coffee at Home

In recent years, brewing coffee at home has evolved from a daily routine into a cherished ritual for many. Gone are the days when a simple drip machine was the only option. Today, coffee enthusiasts are exploring a world of tools and techniques that transform their kitchens into miniature coffeehouses. But achieving café-quality coffee at home isn’t just about selecting premium beans; it’s about equipping yourself with the right tools to unlock their full potential.

Having the right equipment allows you to control every aspect of the brewing process—grind size, water temperature, brew time, and more. This control not only enhances the flavor and aroma of your coffee but also makes the entire experience more enjoyable and rewarding. Whether you’re a seasoned coffee lover or just starting your journey, understanding and investing in essential coffee equipment can elevate your daily cup from ordinary to extraordinary.

In this guide, we’ll dive into the must-have tools for coffee enthusiasts, explaining their importance and how they contribute to the perfect brew. Get ready to revolutionize your coffee game and make every sip an indulgence in quality and flavor.

Grinder: The Foundation of Fresh Coffee

A coffee grinder is the cornerstone of brewing an exceptional cup at home. The moment coffee beans are ground, they begin to lose their freshness as the oils and aromas—responsible for much of the flavor—start to dissipate. This makes investing in a quality grinder a top priority for any coffee enthusiast.

Why Grinding Fresh Matters

Grinding coffee beans just before brewing preserves their aromatic compounds and ensures a more vibrant, flavorful cup. Pre-ground coffee, no matter how well stored, loses its peak flavor within minutes of being ground.

Blade vs. Burr Grinders

• Blade Grinders: These are the most affordable and widely available, but they chop beans unevenly, leading to inconsistent grind sizes. This inconsistency can result in both over-extraction (bitterness) and under-extraction (sourness) in the same cup.

• Burr Grinders: These use two grinding surfaces to crush beans uniformly, creating a consistent grind size. This consistency is key to achieving an even extraction and better-tasting coffee.

Manual vs. Electric Grinders

• Manual Grinders: Compact, portable, and often more affordable, these grinders are ideal for small batches and travel. However, they require effort and time, which may not suit everyone.

• Electric Grinders: Faster and more convenient, these are perfect for brewing larger quantities or for those who prefer an effortless experience. They often come with adjustable grind settings for versatility across brewing methods.

Importance of Grind Size

Different brewing methods require specific grind sizes to achieve the best flavor:

• Coarse Grind: Ideal for French Press and cold brew.

• Medium-Coarse Grind: Best for Chemex and certain pour-over methods.

• Medium Grind: Suited for drip coffee makers.

• Fine Grind: Necessary for espresso and AeroPress.

• Extra Fine Grind: Used for Turkish coffee.

Tips for Choosing the Right Grinder

• Budget: While burr grinders are an investment, they offer superior quality compared to blade grinders.

• Adjustability: Look for grinders with multiple grind settings to accommodate various brewing methods.

• Capacity: Choose a grinder that matches your daily coffee consumption needs.

By selecting the right grinder and understanding its role in the brewing process, you’re taking the first step toward mastering the art of coffee at home. Freshly ground coffee is more than just a choice—it’s the foundation of a flavorful and satisfying brew.

Precision Scale: Perfecting Ratios for Consistent Brews

When it comes to brewing the perfect cup of coffee, precision is everything. Using a precision scale ensures consistency, helping you achieve the ideal coffee-to-water ratio every time. While many people rely on guesswork or scoops, a scale removes the variability, ensuring that each brew meets your expectations for flavor and strength.

Why Ratios Matter

The coffee-to-water ratio directly affects the taste and balance of your brew:

• Too Little Coffee: Results in weak, underwhelming flavors.

• Too Much Coffee: Leads to an overly strong and bitter cup. The widely accepted golden ratio is 1:16—one gram of coffee for every 16 grams of water. A precision scale allows you to measure this with accuracy, ensuring optimal extraction.

Features of a Good Precision Scale

1. Accuracy: A good scale should measure in increments of 0.1 grams to provide precise readings, especially for smaller quantities.

2. Tare Function: This feature lets you zero out the weight of your brewing vessel or filter, making it easy to measure just the coffee or water.

3. Timer Integration: Some scales include built-in timers, perfect for methods like pour-over, where timing and pouring consistency are critical.

4. Portability and Durability: A compact and sturdy scale is ideal for both home use and travel.

How to Use a Precision Scale

1. Weigh the Coffee: Place your brewing device or container on the scale and use the tare function. Add your coffee grounds until you reach the desired weight.

2. Measure the Water: After taring the scale again, slowly pour water to match the required ratio. For instance, if you’re using 20 grams of coffee, you’ll need 320 grams of water for a 1:16 ratio.

3. Monitor During Brewing: For methods like espresso, keep an eye on both time and weight to ensure precision.

Benefits of Using a Scale

• Consistency: Whether it’s your first cup or your hundredth, a scale ensures each brew tastes the same.

• Experimentation: You can easily tweak ratios to find your personal sweet spot for strength and flavor.

• Professional-Level Results: Scales are a staple in specialty coffee shops, and incorporating one into your home brewing setup elevates the quality of your coffee.

Investing in a Scale

While it might seem like a small detail, a precision scale is a game-changer for any coffee lover. It bridges the gap between guesswork and mastery, making it an essential tool for anyone serious about improving their coffee-making skills.

With a precision scale in your toolkit, you’ll unlock the ability to fine-tune every aspect of your brewing process, ensuring a consistently exceptional cup of coffee every time.

Gooseneck Kettle: Mastering Water Flow and Temperature

For manual brewing methods like pour-over or Chemex, the gooseneck kettle is an indispensable tool. Its distinct long, narrow spout offers precision and control, enabling you to pour water at just the right speed and angle for even saturation of coffee grounds. This precision is critical for unlocking the full flavor potential of your beans.

Why a Gooseneck Kettle Matters

Traditional kettles can make it difficult to control the flow and direction of water, leading to uneven extraction. A gooseneck kettle, by contrast, allows for:

• Precision Pouring: Ensuring that every part of the coffee bed is evenly saturated.

• Control Over Flow Rate: Slow, steady pouring prevents channeling and promotes consistent brewing.

• Accuracy for Specific Methods: Many brewing techniques, such as the Hario V60 or Chemex, rely on precise circular pouring patterns that are only achievable with a gooseneck spout.

Electric vs. Stovetop Gooseneck Kettles

• Electric Gooseneck Kettles: These come with features like adjustable temperature settings, rapid heating, and automatic shutoff, making them a convenient choice for precision brewing.

• Stovetop Gooseneck Kettles: Durable and often more affordable, these require a bit more attention but still provide excellent pouring control.

Temperature Control: The Key to Flavorful Coffee

One of the most critical factors in coffee brewing is water temperature. The ideal range for most methods is between 195°F and 205°F (90°C–96°C). Too hot, and you risk over-extraction, resulting in bitter flavors. Too cool, and you may end up with under-extracted, sour coffee.

• Built-In Thermometers: Some gooseneck kettles include an integrated thermometer or digital temperature display, ensuring you reach the optimal brewing range.

• Heat Retention: High-quality kettles are designed to retain heat effectively, keeping your water at the desired temperature during the brewing process.

How to Use a Gooseneck Kettle

1. Heat Your Water: Fill the kettle with filtered water and heat it to the recommended brewing temperature.

2. Control Your Pour: Begin by saturating the coffee grounds evenly, then continue pouring in a slow, circular motion. The gooseneck spout allows you to focus on specific areas for precise extraction.

3. Adjust Your Speed: For different brewing methods, you may need to alter the pouring speed. A slower pour is ideal for longer extractions, while a faster pour suits shorter brewing times.

Choosing the Right Gooseneck Kettle

When selecting a gooseneck kettle, consider:

• Capacity: Choose a size that matches your typical brewing volume.

• Material: Stainless steel is durable and retains heat well, while matte finishes and ergonomic handles add aesthetic and practical appeal.

• Features: Look for temperature control, quick heating, and user-friendly designs.

The Gooseneck Advantage

While it may seem like a specialized tool, a gooseneck kettle is essential for coffee enthusiasts who want to refine their brewing techniques. Its precision and control not only improve the quality of your coffee but also make the brewing process more enjoyable and consistent.

By incorporating a gooseneck kettle into your coffee routine, you’ll gain mastery over one of the most critical variables in coffee preparation, ensuring that every cup you brew is as flavorful and balanced as possible.

Brewing Methods: Choosing the Right Tool for Your Coffee Style

The brewing method you choose significantly impacts the flavor, strength, and overall character of your coffee. Each brewing tool has its own unique advantages and caters to different preferences, whether you enjoy a robust espresso or a clean pour-over. Understanding these methods and selecting the right equipment can transform your coffee experience.

French Press: Full-Bodied and Rich

The French Press is a classic choice for those who enjoy a heavier, more robust cup of coffee. Its immersion brewing method allows coffee grounds to steep directly in water, extracting deep flavors and oils.

• Grind Size: Coarse grind to prevent sediment in the cup.

• Brewing Time: 4–5 minutes for optimal extraction.

• Key Features: Affordable, easy to use, and doesn’t require paper filters.

Chemex: Clean and Crisp

The Chemex is renowned for its elegant design and ability to produce clean, bright coffee with minimal bitterness. Its thick paper filters remove oils and fine particles, resulting in a smooth, light-bodied brew.

• Grind Size: Medium-coarse for balanced extraction.

• Brewing Time: 3–4 minutes.

• Key Features: Ideal for highlighting floral or fruity notes in single-origin beans.

Hario V60: Bright and Complex

The Hario V60 offers precise control over every aspect of the brewing process. Its cone-shaped design and spiral ridges promote even extraction, creating a vibrant and layered cup.

• Grind Size: Medium-fine for proper extraction.

• Brewing Time: 2.5–3.5 minutes.

• Key Features: Highly customizable and perfect for coffee enthusiasts who love experimentation.

AeroPress: Versatile and Quick

The AeroPress is a compact and versatile tool that combines immersion and pressure brewing techniques. It can produce a range of coffee styles, from concentrated espresso-like shots to lighter brews.

• Grind Size: Medium to fine, depending on the desired strength.

• Brewing Time: 1–2 minutes.

• Key Features: Portable, easy to clean, and excellent for travel.

Espresso Machine: Intense and Bold

Espresso machines deliver a concentrated, intense coffee experience. By forcing hot water through finely-ground coffee at high pressure, these machines create the rich crema and strong flavor signature of espresso.

• Grind Size: Fine, almost powdery.

• Brewing Time: 25–30 seconds for a single shot.

• Key Features: Requires precise techniques and a steeper learning curve but offers unparalleled results.

Cold Brew: Smooth and Refreshing

Cold brew involves steeping coarsely ground coffee in cold water for 12–24 hours, resulting in a naturally sweet, smooth coffee with low acidity.

• Grind Size: Coarse to prevent over-extraction.

• Brewing Time: 12–24 hours (steeping).

• Key Features: Great for hot weather and easy to prepare in large batches.

Moka Pot: Classic and Strong

The Moka Pot, also known as a stovetop espresso maker, produces a rich and strong coffee reminiscent of espresso. It’s an excellent option for those who enjoy bold flavors without the expense of an espresso machine.

• Grind Size: Medium-fine, slightly coarser than espresso.

• Brewing Time: 5–7 minutes.

• Key Features: Affordable and durable, with a timeless design.

How to Choose the Right Brewing Method

• Flavor Preferences: Do you prefer a clean cup (Chemex) or something richer (French Press)?

• Convenience: Methods like AeroPress and Cold Brew are ideal for those with busy schedules.

• Equipment and Space: Machines like espresso makers require more investment and counter space, while pour-over methods like the Hario V60 are compact and affordable.

Exploring various brewing methods allows you to discover your personal coffee preferences while tailoring your routine to match your lifestyle. The right equipment can unlock a world of flavors, making your coffee journey both enjoyable and rewarding.

Thermometer: The Key to Brewing Temperature Precision

Achieving the perfect cup of coffee often comes down to controlling the brewing temperature. Water that’s too hot can scorch your coffee, resulting in bitter, unpleasant flavors, while water that’s too cool may leave your brew under-extracted and flat. Using a thermometer ensures that your water is consistently within the optimal temperature range, allowing for a well-balanced and flavorful coffee every time.

Why Temperature Matters

The temperature of the water affects how quickly coffee compounds are extracted:

• Over-Extraction (Too Hot): Leads to bitterness as undesirable compounds are pulled from the grounds.

• Under-Extraction (Too Cool): Produces sour and weak flavors due to incomplete extraction. The sweet spot for most brewing methods lies between 195°F and 205°F (90°C–96°C).

Ideal Temperatures for Popular Brewing Methods

Each brewing method has its own ideal temperature range:

• French Press: 200°F (93°C) for full-bodied flavor.

• Chemex and Hario V60: 195–205°F (90–96°C) for a clean, balanced cup.

• Espresso: 200°F (93°C) for intense and bold flavor.

• Cold Brew: No heat required, as it uses room temperature or cold water for extended steeping.

Features to Look for in a Coffee Thermometer

1. Accuracy: Look for a thermometer that provides readings within 1°F or 1°C for precise control.

2. Speed: Instant-read thermometers help save time and ensure you don’t overheat your water.

3. Durability: Opt for a thermometer that can handle high temperatures and frequent use.

4. Compatibility: Some gooseneck kettles come with built-in thermometers, offering a two-in-one solution.

How to Use a Thermometer

• Heat Your Water: Use a kettle or pot to bring water to a boil.

• Measure Temperature: Insert the thermometer into the water, ensuring it doesn’t touch the bottom of the vessel for an accurate reading.

• Adjust as Needed: If the water is too hot, let it cool slightly until it reaches the desired range. If it’s too cool, reheat gently.

Advanced Tips for Consistent Temperature Control

• Preheat Your Equipment: Rinse your French Press, Chemex, or other brewing device with hot water to maintain stable brewing temperatures.

• Use Electric Kettles with Temperature Control: These allow you to set and maintain the precise temperature needed for your chosen brewing method.

• Keep Track of Cooling Time: If you don’t have an adjustable kettle, boiling water typically cools to around 200°F (93°C) within 30 seconds of removal from heat.

The Thermometer Advantage

While some seasoned brewers may rely on intuition, using a thermometer eliminates guesswork, especially for beginners. It ensures consistency and helps you get the best out of your beans, no matter the brewing method.

By incorporating a thermometer into your coffee setup, you gain a powerful tool for unlocking the full potential of your coffee. Consistent brewing temperature is one of the secrets to making every cup a masterpiece.

Storage Containers: Preserving Freshness and Flavor

Coffee is at its best when it’s fresh, and proper storage is essential for maintaining the flavor and aroma of your beans. Exposure to air, light, heat, and moisture can quickly degrade coffee, turning even the finest beans into a stale and disappointing brew. Investing in quality storage containers ensures that your coffee stays fresh for as long as possible, allowing you to enjoy its full potential.

Why Proper Storage Matters

Coffee beans are highly sensitive to environmental factors:

• Air: Oxygen causes oxidation, which deteriorates flavor and freshness.

• Light: UV rays break down the aromatic compounds in coffee, leading to stale flavors.

• Heat: High temperatures accelerate the degradation process.

• Moisture: Coffee absorbs humidity and odors, which can negatively impact its taste.

Features of a Good Coffee Storage Container

1. Airtight Seal: Keeps oxygen out, preventing oxidation and maintaining freshness.

2. Opaque Material: Protects coffee from light exposure, preserving its aromatic compounds.

3. Durability: Stainless steel or high-quality plastic containers are robust and long-lasting.

4. Vacuum Seal Technology: Advanced containers remove air completely, providing an extra layer of protection.

5. Proper Size: Choose a container that matches the amount of coffee you typically store to minimize air exposure.

Best Practices for Storing Coffee

• Whole Beans Instead of Pre-Ground: Whole bean coffee stays fresh and flavorful longer than pre-ground. For best results, grind only the amount you’ll use right away.

• Cool, Dry Place: Keep your container in a cabinet or pantry, away from direct heat sources such as the stove or sunlight.

• Avoid the Fridge or Freezer: While it may seem counterintuitive, refrigeration introduces moisture and odors that can degrade coffee. Freezing is only recommended for long-term storage in airtight, portioned containers.

Popular Types of Coffee Storage Containers

• Stainless Steel Canisters: Durable and often come with airtight seals or vacuum systems.

• Glass Jars with UV Protection: Combine aesthetic appeal with functional light protection.

• Vacuum-Sealed Containers: Remove air entirely, extending freshness significantly.

• Ceramic Containers: Offer excellent insulation and protection against light and heat.

Signs Your Coffee is No Longer Fresh

• Flat Aroma: Fresh coffee has a strong, inviting aroma. If the smell is faint or nonexistent, it’s likely stale.

• Dull Flavor: Stale coffee lacks the vibrancy and complexity of fresh beans.

• Loss of Oils: Over time, coffee loses its natural oils, which contribute to flavor and texture.

The Importance of Proper Storage

By taking steps to store your coffee correctly, you can extend its freshness and ensure each brew is as flavorful as possible. The investment in a high-quality container is minimal compared to the satisfaction of consistently excellent coffee.

With the right storage practices and tools, you’ll not only preserve your coffee’s quality but also enhance your overall brewing experience. Keeping your beans fresh is a simple yet powerful way to elevate your coffee routine.

Filters: Finding the Perfect Balance for Your Brew

Filters may seem like a minor detail in the coffee brewing process, but they have a significant impact on the flavor, texture, and clarity of your cup. The type of filter you choose—paper, metal, or cloth—affects how oils, fine particles, and flavors pass through, creating different coffee profiles. Selecting the right filter is an essential step to mastering your brew.

Types of Coffee Filters

Paper Filters

Characteristics: Paper filters are disposable and offer a clean, light-bodied cup of coffee by trapping oils and fine particles.

• Benefits:
  • Produces a bright and crisp flavor, ideal for pour-over methods like Chemex and Hario V60.
  • Easy cleanup—simply discard after use.
• Drawbacks:
  • Single-use, which may not be eco-friendly.
  • Can sometimes strip out oils that contribute to flavor complexity.

Metal Filters

• Characteristics: Metal filters are reusable and allow more oils and micro-particles to pass through, resulting in a fuller-bodied brew.
• Benefits:
  • Durable and cost-effective over time.
  • Enhances the richness and mouthfeel of coffee, perfect for AeroPress or French Press.
• Drawbacks:
  • Requires regular cleaning to prevent buildup.
  • May produce a less clean cup compared to paper filters.

Cloth Filters

• Characteristics: Cloth filters strike a balance between paper and metal, offering some oil retention while allowing more body than paper.
• Benefits:
  • Reusable and environmentally friendly.
  • Provides a smooth, balanced cup.
• Drawbacks:
  • Requires thorough cleaning and drying to avoid mold or odor.
  • More effort to maintain compared to other filter types.

Choosing the Right Filter for Your Brewing Method

• Pour-Over (Chemex, Hario V60): Paper filters are recommended for their ability to deliver clarity and bright flavors.

• French Press: Metal mesh filters work best for preserving the full-bodied richness characteristic of this method.

• AeroPress: Both paper and metal filters can be used, offering versatility to match your flavor preference.

• Cold Brew: Metal or cloth filters are ideal for their durability during long brewing times.

Filter Maintenance Tips

• Paper Filters: Store in a cool, dry place to avoid moisture affecting their quality. Pre-rinse before use to eliminate any papery taste.

• Metal Filters: Wash thoroughly after each use with warm, soapy water or a dedicated coffee cleaner to prevent oil buildup.

• Cloth Filters: Rinse immediately after brewing and soak in boiling water periodically to keep them clean and odor-free.

Cups and Mugs: The Final Touch to Enhance Your Coffee Experience

The choice of cup or mug may seem trivial, but it plays a crucial role in how you enjoy your coffee. From retaining the perfect temperature to enhancing the aroma and mouthfeel, the right vessel can elevate your daily brew into a memorable experience. Selecting the ideal cup for your coffee isn’t just about aesthetics; it’s about optimizing functionality and enhancing flavor.

Why the Right Cup Matters

1. Temperature Retention: Coffee is best enjoyed at a consistent temperature, typically between 120°F and 160°F (49°C–71°C). The material and design of your cup can significantly affect how long it stays warm.

2. Aroma Amplification: The shape of the cup influences how aromas are released, enriching your sensory experience.

3. Comfort and Aesthetics: The weight, size, and feel of a cup impact how enjoyable it is to hold and drink from.

Popular Coffee Cup Materials

Ceramic

• Features: Excellent heat retention and neutral taste.

• Best For: Everyday use, as it maintains coffee’s natural flavors.

• Drawbacks: Breakable and can be heavy.

Glass

• Features: Transparent, stylish, and visually appealing.

• Best For: Showcasing layered drinks like lattes or cold brews.

• Drawbacks: Poor heat retention unless double-walled.

Stainless Steel

• Features: Durable and highly insulating.

• Best For: On-the-go coffee drinkers or outdoor use.

• Drawbacks: May impart a slight metallic taste if not well-coated.

Porcelain

• Features: Lightweight, elegant, and retains heat well.

• Best For: Specialty coffee or formal settings.

• Drawbacks: Fragile and prone to chipping.

Plastic

• Features: Lightweight and portable.

• Best For: Travel cups or casual use.

• Drawbacks: May affect the flavor and not ideal for hot beverages.

Choosing the Right Cup for Your Coffee Style

• Espresso: Small, thick-walled ceramic or porcelain cups (demitasse) help preserve heat and concentrate flavors.

• Latte or Cappuccino: Wide, shallow cups allow for artistic latte art and perfect foam distribution.

• Pour-Over or Filter Coffee: Medium-sized ceramic or glass cups highlight delicate flavor notes.

• Cold Brew or Iced Coffee: Tall glass cups enhance visual appeal and accommodate ice.

Double-Walled Cups: The Best of Both Worlds

Double-walled cups, whether made of glass or stainless steel, are ideal for maintaining the perfect drinking temperature. They insulate coffee without the need for a handle, offering a modern and practical option.

Caring for Your Coffee Cups

1. Hand Wash When Necessary: While many cups are dishwasher-safe, hand washing can prolong their lifespan, especially for insulated or decorative mugs.

2. Avoid Abrasive Cleaners: Protect the finish and integrity of your cups by using soft sponges and gentle cleaners.

3. Inspect for Damage: Chips or cracks can not only ruin aesthetics but also compromise heat retention and safety.

The Role of Design and Aesthetics

The look and feel of your coffee cup can influence your perception of taste. A well-designed cup adds a sense of ritual and enjoyment to your daily brew, making it a small but meaningful part of your coffee routine.

Investing in Your Coffee Experience

While the choice of cup might seem secondary to brewing equipment, it’s the final piece of the puzzle in crafting the perfect coffee experience. A thoughtfully selected mug enhances the sensory and emotional connection to your coffee, turning a simple beverage into a moment of joy.

By choosing cups and mugs that suit your brewing method, lifestyle, and preferences, you can make every coffee moment more delightful and satisfying.

Conclusion: Transform Your Home into a Coffee Haven

Brewing the perfect cup of coffee at home is more than just a daily routine—it’s a journey of exploration, creativity, and personal satisfaction. By investing in the right tools and understanding how each piece of equipment contributes to the process, you can elevate your coffee experience to rival that of the finest coffee shops.

The Key Takeaways

• Grinder: Start with freshly ground beans for the best flavor. A quality burr grinder ensures consistent results for any brewing method.

• Precision Scale: Achieve perfect ratios for a balanced and repeatable cup.

• Gooseneck Kettle: Gain control over water flow and temperature, unlocking the full potential of your beans.

• Brewing Methods: Experiment with tools like the French Press, Chemex, AeroPress, or espresso machine to find your favorite style.

• Thermometer: Master water temperature to enhance extraction and flavor.

• Storage Containers: Keep your beans fresh and flavorful by protecting them from air, light, heat, and moisture.

• Filters: Choose the right filter to tailor the taste and texture of your coffee.

• Cups and Mugs: Enhance your sensory experience with the perfect vessel.

• Bonus Tips: Maintain your equipment, refine your technique, and stay curious to keep improving.

Your Coffee Journey

Creating great coffee at home isn’t about perfection—it’s about enjoying the process and discovering what works for you. Whether you’re a beginner or a seasoned enthusiast, every small improvement in your technique or equipment brings you closer to mastering your craft.

Beyond the Brew

The tools and techniques you use don’t just affect the taste of your coffee—they transform the experience. From the aroma that fills your kitchen to the satisfaction of that first sip, brewing coffee can become a ritual that brings joy to your daily routine.

Make It Your Own

The beauty of home brewing lies in its flexibility. You can adjust every aspect of the process to suit your preferences, experimenting with beans, methods, and tools until you create a cup that’s uniquely yours.

By equipping yourself with knowledge and the right tools, you’re not just brewing coffee—you’re creating an experience. So take the first step, embrace the process, and enjoy the journey toward the perfect coffee, one cup at a time.